PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.